Histories

Etymology is the study of word origins. Surnames arose when the use of the given first name became impossible to distinguish one family or person from another. Mind you, the origins of surnames first started with the nobles. Polish peasant surnames did not become firmly fixed until about the 18th century. By nobles adopting surnames, they could ensure that property ownership passed from one generation from another easily, and that paying taxes and martial activities would be more organized. Surnames originated from all different sources; fathers name (patronymics), place of origin, occupation, plants, animals and physical characteristics. Of course, when Poles and other Europeans arrived in the New World, the names were shortened, changed and or adopted to fit the English alphabet (Polish has 23 letters, with no q, v, or x). So the name Los in Polish (the l has a slash through it) which sounds like 'WOSH' in English, may have become Wosh or even Losch or Losh. You can see how messy it can get!
Fortunately, most of my ancestor's surnames did not recieve similar treatment when they arrived in America. Kalemba, however, did receive some adjustment. Though it is pronounced the same in Poland as it is here, it is spelled differently. There was no m - the Polish e with a hook underneath it is pronounced 'em'. So my great- grandfather and his brothers added the m and no one was the wiser! I only rediscovered the change after obtaining marriage certificates and Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings by William F. Hoffman.
And now the origins...
Burza
burza, storm, disturbance

Czsaszweski
A misspelling of Czseszweski - name element from Czeslaw (first name)

Derlenga
English adjustment of Derlega (the e has a hook underneath it) unknown at this time

Drag
drag (the a has a hook underneath it), pole, rod

Dydacka
dyndac, to dangle, suckle, or Ukrainian didko, grandfather, old man

Fiedeszczuk
closest similarity is with the east Polish and Ukrainian equilivant of Theodore - Feodor

Gruszczynski
grusza, pear-tree

Kalemba
kaleba (the e has a hook underneath it), a thin old cow, an obese woman!!

Kalenski
unknown at this time

Kieras
closest similarity is with kier, hearts (card suit)

Klecha
archaic klecha, lay church attendant

Kowal
kowac, to forge metal or kowal, a smith

Lakom
lakomy (the l has a slash through it), greedy, gluttonous

Malecki
maly (the l has a slash through it), small, also a name root, and many place names

Mira
mir, peace

Niesmiertelny
Family tradition stated this name as meaning 'never die', in fact my great- grandfather Frank Niesmiertelny lived up to this meaning - he died at 91 (and was a heavy smoker!). A fellow Pole informed me "that "niesmiertelny" means "immortal" in Polish. It is a commonly used adjective, which is formed from words "nie" (no, not; negation) and "smierc" (death; "s" and "c" in this word are accented). "-elny" is a suffix used to form the adjective." There you have it!

Nowak
nowy, new, specifically newcomer

Potrzeba
potrzebowac, verb meaning to need or have need of

Puzio
Puz- is from Pyz- which is pyza or puza, meaning chubby-faced person. Also a Italian name - transplated Italians?

Rys
rys, lynx, or rysa, dash or crack

Sikora
sikora, a titmouse and many place names

Staniszweski
verb stanac (the second a has a hook underneath it), to stand up, root stan- meaning 'stand, become', as in Stanislaw

Walenga
walegac sie (the l has a slash through it and he e has a hook underneath it), to loaf, loiter

Wesotowski
English adjustment of Wesolowski (the l has a slash through it) from wesoly, merry or cheerful

Wnenk
English adjustment of Wnek (the e has a hook underneath it) from wnuk, in old Polish wnek, grandson

Wrobel
wrobel, sparrow

Wyka
wyka, vetch, or from root wyk- as in nawyk, habit or custom

And there you have it - a brief lesson on Polish etymology. For more explanation, I highly recommend William Hoffman's book on Polish surnames. It is published by the Polish Genealogical Society of America.